⚠ Version 1 of The Plant List has been superseded.

You should refer instead to the current version of The Plant List.

The genus Viola is in the family Violaceae in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants).

Statistics are at the end of the page.

Species in Viola

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See "Status", "Confidence level", "Source" for definitions.

Name	Status	Confi­dence level	Source
Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv.	Accepted		TRO
Viola acanthophylla Leybold ex Reiche	Accepted		TRO
Viola accrescens Klokov	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola acuminata Ledeb.	Accepted		TRO
Viola acutifolia (Kar. & Kir.) W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola adunca Sm.	Accepted		TRO
Viola aizoon Reiche	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola alaica Vved.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola albida Palib.	Accepted		TRO
Viola allochroa Botsch.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola altaica Ker Gawl.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola angustifolia Phil.	Accepted		TRO
Viola araucaniae Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola arborescens L.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola arcuata Blume	Accepted		TRO
Viola arguta Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.	Accepted		TRO
Viola arguta x dombeyana	Accepted		TRO
Viola arvensis Murray	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola atropurpurea Leyb.	Accepted		TRO
Viola aurantiaca Leybold	Accepted		TRO
Viola aurata Phil.	Accepted		TRO
Viola aurea Kellogg	Accepted		TRO
Viola auricula Leyb.	Accepted		TRO
Viola bangii Rusby	Accepted		TRO
Viola barroetana W. Schaffn.	Accepted		TRO
Viola beckwithii Torr. & A. Gray	Accepted		TRO
Viola belophylla H. Boissieu	Accepted		TRO
Viola × bernardii (Greene) 91+(pro sp.)+	Accepted		TRO
Viola betonicifolia Sm.	Accepted		TRO
Viola bicolor Pursh	Accepted		TRO
Viola biflora L.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola boliviana Britton	Accepted		TRO
Viola brachyceras Turcz.	Accepted		TRO
Viola brachypetala Gay	Accepted		TRO
Viola bridgesii Britton	Accepted		TRO
Viola buchtienii Gand.	Accepted		TRO
Viola bulbosa Maxim.	Accepted		TRO
Viola bustillosia Gay	Accepted		TRO
Viola calderensis Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola cameleo H. Boissieu	Accepted		TRO
Viola canadensis L.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola canescens Wall.	Accepted		TRO
Viola cerasifolia Saint-Hilaire	Accepted		TRO
Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola chamaedrys Leybold	Accepted		TRO
Viola changii J.S. Zhou & F.W.Xing	Accepted		TRO
Viola charlestonensis M.S. Baker & J.C. Clausen	Accepted		TRO
Viola cochranei Ballard	Accepted		TRO
Viola collina Besser	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola columnaris Skottsb.	Accepted		TRO
Viola commersonii DC.	Accepted		TRO
Viola confertifolia Chang	Accepted		TRO
Viola conspersa Rchb.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola corralensis Phil.	Accepted		TRO
Viola cotyledon Ging.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola cuatrecasasii L.B. Sm. & A. Fernández	Accepted		TRO
Viola cucullata Aiton	Accepted		TRO
Viola cuicochensis Hieron.	Accepted		TRO
Viola curicoensis Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola cuspidifolia W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola cyathiformis Becker,W.	Accepted		TRO
Viola dactyloides Schult.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola davidii Franch.	Accepted		TRO
Viola decipiens Reiche	Accepted		TRO
Viola delavayi Franch.	Accepted		TRO
Viola diamantiaca Nakai	Accepted		TRO
Viola dimorphophylla Y.S. Chen & Q.E.Yang	Accepted		TRO
Viola disjuncta W.Becker	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola dissecta Ledeb.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola dombeyana DC.	Accepted		TRO
Viola domeykoana Gay	Accepted		TRO
Viola duclouxii W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola ecuadorensis W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola emarginata (Nutt.) Leconte	Accepted		TRO
Viola eminii (Engl.) R.E. Fr.	Accepted		TRO
Viola epipsiloides Á.Löve & D.Löve	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola escarapela J.M. Watson & A.R. Flores	Accepted		TRO
Viola evae Hieron.	Accepted		TRO
Viola fargesii H. Boissieu	Accepted		TRO
Viola faurieana W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola fedtschenkoana W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola flagelliformis Hemsl.	Accepted		TRO
Viola flavicans Wedd.	Accepted		TRO
Viola formosana Hayata	Accepted		TRO
Viola forrestiana W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola friderici Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola frigida Phil.	Accepted		TRO
Viola fuscifolia W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola galeanaensis M.S. Baker	Accepted		TRO
Viola germainii Sparre	Accepted		TRO
Viola glaberrima (Ging.) House	Accepted		TRO
Viola glacialis Poepp. & Endl.	Accepted		TRO
Viola glandularis H.E. Ballard & P. Jørg.	Accepted		TRO
Viola glechomoides Leyb.	Accepted		TRO
Viola gmeliniana Roem. & Schult.	Accepted		TRO
Viola godoyae Phil.	Accepted		TRO
Viola gracillima Saint-Hilaire	Accepted		TRO
Viola grahamii Benth.	Accepted		TRO
Viola grandisepala W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola granulosa Wedd.	Accepted		TRO
Viola grypoceras A. Gray	Accepted		TRO
Viola guatemalensis W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola hamiltoniana D. Don	Accepted		TRO
Viola hancockii W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola hederacea Labill.	Accepted		TRO
Viola hediniana W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola hemsleyana Calderón	Accepted		TRO
Viola henryi H. Boissieu	Accepted		TRO
Viola hillii W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola hirtipes S. Moore	Accepted		TRO
Viola hondoensis W. Becker & H. Boissieu	Accepted		TRO
Viola hookeriana Kunth	Accepted		TRO
Viola howellii A.Gray	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola huesoensis Martic.	Accepted		TRO
Viola huidobrii Gay	Accepted		TRO
Viola humilis Kunth	Accepted		TRO
Viola hymettia Boiss. & Heldr.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola incisa Turcz.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola incognita Brainerd	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola inconspicua Blume	Accepted		TRO
Viola ircutiana Turcz.	Accepted		TRO
Viola jalapaensis W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola japonica Langsd. ex DC.	Accepted		TRO
Viola joergensenii W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola johnstonii Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola jordanii Hanry	Accepted		TRO
Viola kermesina W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola kitaibeliana Schult.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola kosanensis Hayata	Accepted		TRO
Viola kunawurensis Royle	Accepted		TRO
Viola kusanoana Makino	Accepted		TRO
Viola kwangtungensis Melch.	Accepted		TRO
Viola labradorica Schrank	Accepted		TRO
Viola lactiflora Nakai	Accepted		TRO
Viola lanceolata L.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola langsdorffii Fisch. ex Ging.	Accepted		TRO
Viola lanifera Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola lavrenkoana Klokov	Accepted		TRO
Viola lehmannii W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola leyboldiana Phil.	Accepted		TRO
Viola llullaillacoensis W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola lucens W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola macloskeyi F.E. Lloyd	Accepted		TRO
Viola macroceras Bunge	Accepted		TRO
Viola maculata Cav.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola magellanica Poir.	Accepted		TRO
Viola magnifica Ching J. Wang ex X.D. Wang	Accepted		TRO
Viola mandshurica W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola matutina Klokov	Accepted		TRO
Viola mauritii Tepl.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola membranacea W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola micranthella Wedd.	Accepted		TRO
Viola milanae Vl.V.Nikitin	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola minutiflora Phil.	Accepted		TRO
Viola mirabilis L.	Accepted		TRO
Viola mongolica Franch.	Accepted		TRO
Viola montana L.	Accepted		TRO
Viola moupinensis Franch.	Accepted		TRO
Viola mucronulifera Hand.-Mazz.	Accepted		TRO
Viola muehldorfii Kiss	Accepted		TRO
Viola muliensis Y.S. Chen & Q.E.Yang	Accepted		TRO
Viola munbyana Boiss. & Reut.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola nagasawae Makino & Hayata	Accepted		TRO
Viola nanlingensis J.S. Zhou & F.W.Xing	Accepted		TRO
Viola nannei Pol.	Accepted		TRO
Viola nassauvioides Phil.	Accepted		TRO
Viola nemoralis Kütz.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola nephrophylla Greene	Accepted		TRO
Viola nobilis W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola nubigena Leyb.	Accepted		TRO
Viola nuda W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola obtusa (Makino) Makino	Accepted		TRO
Viola occulta Lehm.	Accepted		TRO
Viola odorata L.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola orientalis W.Becker	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola ovalleana Phil.	Accepted		TRO
Viola oxyodontis Ballard	Accepted		TRO
Viola painteri Rose & House	Accepted		TRO
Viola pallascaensis W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola palmata L.	Accepted		TRO
Viola palustris L.	Accepted		TRO
Viola patrinii Ging.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola pekinensis (Regel) W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola pendulicarpa W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola perpusilla H. Boissieu	Accepted		TRO
Viola phalacrocarpa Maxim.	Accepted		TRO
Viola philippica Cav.	Accepted		TRO
Viola pilosa Blume	Accepted		TRO
Viola polycephala H.E. Ballard & P. Jørg.	Accepted		TRO
Viola polypoda Turcz.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola portulacea Leyb.	Accepted		TRO
Viola praemorsa Douglas	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola primulifolia L.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola prionantha Bunge	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola pulvinata Reiche	Accepted		TRO
Viola pusilla Poepp.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola pusillima Wedd.	Accepted		TRO
Viola pygmaea Juss. ex Poir.	Accepted		TRO
Viola raddeana Regel	Accepted		TRO
Viola reichei Skottsb. ex Macloskie	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola reichenbachiana Jord. ex Boreau	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola replicata W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola rhombifolia Leybold	Accepted		TRO
Viola riviniana Rchb.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola roigii Rossow	Accepted		TRO
Viola rossii Hemsl.	Accepted		TRO
Viola rosulata Poepp. & Endl.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola rubella Cav.	Accepted		TRO
Viola rudolphii Sparre	Accepted		TRO
Viola rugosa Phil. ex W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola rupestris F.W.Schmidt	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola saccata Melch.	Accepted		TRO
Viola sacchalinensis H.Boissieu	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola santiagoensis Becker,W.	Accepted		TRO
Viola savatieri Makino	Accepted		TRO
Viola scandens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola scotophylla Jord.	Accepted		TRO
Viola seleriana W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola sempervivum Gay	Accepted		TRO
Viola senzanensis Hayata	Accepted		TRO
Viola septentrionalis Greene	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola serrula W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola sikkimensis W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola skottsbergiana Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola sororia Willd.	Accepted		TRO
Viola sphaerocarpa W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola steinbachii W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola stewardiana W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola stipularis Sw.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola striatella H. Boissieu	Accepted		TRO
Viola suavis M.Bieb.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola subsinuata (Greene) Greene	Accepted		TRO
Viola sumatrana Miq.	Accepted		TRO
Viola szetschwanensis W. Becker & H. Boissieu	Accepted		TRO
Viola tenuicornis W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola tenuissima Chang	Accepted		TRO
Viola thomsonii Oudem.	Accepted		TRO
Viola thymifolia Britton	Accepted		TRO
Viola tienschiensis W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola × tigirekica Vl.V.Nikitin	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola toroensis Martic.	Accepted		TRO
Viola triangulifolia W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola trichopetala C.C. Chang	Accepted		TRO
Viola tricolor L.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola tridentata Menz. ex DC.	Accepted		TRO
Viola trinervata (Howell) Howell ex A. Gray	Accepted		TRO
Viola × tuvinica Vl.V.Nikitin	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola umbraticola Kunth	Accepted		TRO
Viola uniflora L.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola urophylla Franch.	Accepted		TRO
Viola vallenarensis Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola vallicola A. Nelson	Accepted		TRO
Viola variegata Fisch. ex Link	Accepted		TRO
Viola veronicifolia Planch. & Linden	Accepted		TRO
Viola viarum Pollard	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola violacea Makino	Accepted		TRO
Viola volcanica Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.	Accepted		WCSP (in review)
Viola wallichiana Ging.	Accepted		TRO
Viola weberbaueri W. Becker	Accepted		TRO
Viola websteri Hemsl.	Accepted		TRO
Viola weibelii J.F. Macbr.	Accepted		TRO
Viola yezoensis Maxim.	Accepted		TRO
Viola yunnanensis W. Becker & H. Boissieu	Accepted		TRO
Viola yunnanfuensis W. Becker	Accepted		TRO

Statistics

The Plant List includes 2,024 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus Viola. Of these 265 are accepted species names.

The Plant List includes a further 404 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus Viola. We do not intend The Plant List to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. These are primarily included because names of species rank are synonyms of accepted infraspecific names.

Species names

The status of the 2,024 species names for the genus Viola recorded in The Plant List, are as follows:

	Status	Total
◕	Accepted	265	13.1%
◕	Synonym	314	15.5%
◕	Unplaced	0	0%
◕	Unassessed	1,445	71.4%

All names

The status of the 2,428 names (including infraspecific names) for the genus Viola recorded in The Plant List, are as follows:

	Status	Total
◕	Accepted	321	13.2%
◕	Synonym	605	24.9%
◕	Unplaced	0	0%
◕	Unassessed	1,502	61.9%

Of these names,

• 2 are recorded as invalid
• 1 are recorded as illegitimate

The confidence with which the status of the 2,024 species names recorded in The Plant List for the genus Viola, are assigned as follows:

	Confidence level	Accepted	Synonym	Unplaced	Unassessed	Total
	High confidence	0	0	0	0	0	0%
	Medium confidence	265	313	0	0	578	28.6%
	Low confidence	0	1	0	1,445	1,446	71.4%

The source of the species name record found in The Plant List for the genus Viola, are as follows: